[Episode 59] Today’s Social Work Podcast is on incorporating faith as well as spirituality into social piece of work exercise with African Americans. Or at to the lowest degree that’s the official title. The unofficial championship is, “If my customer brings God into the conversation, what should I do?” I spoke with Nancy Boyd-Franklin, best-selling author, multicultural researcher, theatre unit of measurement therapist as well as clinical trainer, as well as recipient of awards from the American Psychological Association, Association of Black Psychologists, as well as the American Family Therapy academy.When I was a social piece of work intern, I worked with an African American woman nurture who had AIDS as well as whose half dozen children were HIV+. The manly individual nurture of her children had been an IV drug user who had died of AIDS. The woman nurture was inwards pitiful health, as well as rarely sought her ain treatment. I had a difficult fourth dimension tracking her downwards because she spent most of the day, every day, on world transportation with 1 kid or some other taking them to as well as from medical appointments. I holler upward existence on the charabanc with her 1 24-hour interval (because that was alone identify I could run across with her), listening to her utter close how she had successfully fought infirmary direction to acquire handling for 1 of her kids. Being the eager social piece of work educatee that I was, fully prepared to admit my clients strengths as well as resources, I told her that I was inwards awe of her strength. “How do you lot do it?” I asked her. Her response totally caught me off guard...
She said, “The skillful Lord volition give me alone every bit much every bit I tin give the sack handle.” I had no thought how to respond. See, I was expecting her to tell something like, “a nurture volition do what a nurture has to do,” or maybe, “I don’t know either – I certain could job a vacation.” I expected her response to hold upward much more... textbook? You know, the form of response that I had read close inwards my textbooks so that I could follow upward with, “and so if you lot took a vacation, what would hold upward different?” Which genuinely makes no sense at all since she was manifestly non close to zip off to the Dominican Republic for a calendar week at the beach. Not so textbook. In that moment, on the bus, I institute myself completely at a loss for words. Not that I didn’t direct hold a 1 chiliad k things running through my caput – I did. I just thought they all sounded stupid. On 1 grade I was trying to figure out what she meant: “OK. She said that the skillful lord volition give her alone every bit much every bit she tin give the sack handgrip – does that hateful that when she can’t handgrip whatever more, she’ll die? or that the skillful lord knows precisely how much she tin give the sack handgrip as well as and so when she can’t handgrip whatever to a greater extent than the skillful lord volition halt giving her things to handle, or is at that spot a 3rd selection I’m just non thinking about. I mean, I’m just a social piece of work intern, I’m non certain what I tin give the sack offering higher upward as well as beyond what the “good lord” tin give the sack offering her, so what now?” Ok, so inwards illustration you lot got lost inwards all of my self-talk here’s a quick recap. I asked my customer a question. She responded. That’s it. What should direct hold come upward adjacent was me proverb something intelligent. Instead, what I said was, “Wow.”
So why did I direct hold such a difficult fourth dimension coming upward with an appropriate response? Well, for one, I thought that every bit a social worker I should know what my customer meant, as well as I should empathise what she meant... Another things was that I had a unlike belief organization from my customer as well as it didn’t seem correct to disagree with her, nor did it seem correct to direct hold with her, because that wouldn’t hold upward genuine. My social piece of work pedagogy did non laid upward me to bargain with issues of faith as well as spirituality. My textbooks didn’t render me with templates for how to respond when my clients brought upward the number of God. Prior to 2001, accreditation guidelines from the Council on Social Work Education didn’t require schools to include spiritual assessment inwards the biopsychosocial assessment, which I utter close inwards to a greater extent than item inwards Episode 2, Bio-psychosocial-spiritual (BPSS) Assessment as well as Mental Status Exam. Another argue is that at that spot has been a long as well as contentious human relationship betwixt faith as well as the helping professions. Religion was either the answer or the problem. On 1 hand, the social piece of work profession is inwards component rooted inwards the Friendly Visitor motility which believed that the correct version of faith was the answer to poverty. On the other hand, you lot direct hold Freud’s legacy of faith existence considered an obsessional neurosis. So for many providers, the alone condom catch solid soil was “Religion is non inside my orbit of exercise as well as hence I’m non going to bargain with it at all.”
Well, today’s guest, Nancy Boyd Franklin, would tell that when faith or spirituality is component of a client’s life, the effective provider has to hold upward able to bargain with as well as hold upward willing to engage inwards conversations close it. “Wow” just won’t cutting it. She would regard this mother’s belief inwards the powerfulness of the skillful lord every bit a sign of forcefulness as well as resilience, non weakness or pathology. She would also tell that I could direct hold only responded to the mother’s controversy yesteryear saying, “tell me more.” In today’s interview, Nancy spoke close the heterogeneity of beliefs alongside Black Americans. She as well as I talked close the departure betwixt faith as well as spirituality, what a church building theatre unit of measurement is as well as why it is so important, whether or non social workers should enquire close faith as well as spirituality if clients don’t select it up, as well as what the operate of faith as well as spirituality is inwards traditional African American families.
I interviewed Nancy at Temple University’s School of Social Work. She was the invited speaker for the school’s lecture serial on social piece of work research. For to a greater extent than data close Temple’s School of Social Work, or the research lecture series, delight see their website at http://chpsw.temple.edu/ssa/home. And now, without farther ado, on to episode 59 of the Social Work Podcast. Incorporating Religion as well as Spirituality into social piece of work exercise with African Americans: Interview with Nancy Boyd-Franklin, Ph.D.
Download MP3 [27:02]Transcript [pdf download
]Jonathan Singer: Nancy, thank you lot so much for existence hither today as well as talking with us close African American families as well as faith as well as spirituality. I know that you’re genuinely concerned close perpetuating stereotypes as well as I wanted to give you lot an chance to address that earlier nosotros start the questions.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Yeah, I gauge the get-go affair is that at that spot is just tremendous variability as well as diverseness inwards the Black community as well as that’s truthful of faith as well as spirituality too. You know, at that spot are historically Black churches that are Christian, at that spot are African Americans who are non Christian, at that spot is a growing Muslim community both land of Islam, Sunni Muslim, as well as other Muslim, at that spot are a growing grouping who are real committed to African religions as well as I don’t think nosotros utter plenty close those inwards the field. I’m going to utter primarily, though, close traditional African American churches, so, Baptists, African Methodist Episcopal, Church of God inwards Christ, because we’re going to run out of fourth dimension quickly.
Jonathan Singer: Why are faith as well as spirituality of import issues for social workers to hold upward aware of when they’re working with families that come upward from these backgrounds?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Absolutely. I think the biggest challenge inwards the champaign is that clients come upward inwards in pain. They don’t come upward to regard us because they’re happy as well as everything’s wonderful. So they introduce get-go with their problems as well as our challenge, should nosotros create upward one's heed to select it, is to figure out how to melody into their strengths. And inwards African American families, some of the biggest strengths are the theatre unit of measurement itself, the extended theatre unit of measurement as well as the church building family. Now, that’s clearly non truthful of every African American customer or theatre unit of measurement but at that spot are many many families inwards which these beliefs are real potent as well as real powerful as well as tin give the sack hold upward used to assist people overcome adversity, racism, loss, trauma, death, dying, issues inwards their lives.
Jonathan Singer: And so, inwards the African American community, is at that spot a distinction betwixt faith as well as spirituality or are they seen every bit the same thing?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Yeah, genuinely there’s research that’s been done where individuals direct hold been asked are they religious or spiritual, as well as they’ve said religious as well as spiritual. Religion genuinely refers to church building involvement. Spirituality is a to a greater extent than full general concept; it’s close a belief inwards God, or a higher power, or the Creator, as well as just a belief inwards spiritual activity inwards one’s life. What I notice is that at that spot are just many situations inwards which social workers or practitioners inwards full general inwards the mental wellness champaign at nowadays know they demand to enquire close religion, so they’ll ask, “Well are you lot involved inwards a church building or a religion?” People tell “no” as well as they proceed to the adjacent question. They don’t travel after, “Well, would you lot tell you’re a spiritual person, is spirituality a component of your life?” You acquire a much wider response to that form of question.
Jonathan Singer: So, you lot mentioned the “church family.” What is the church building family? In Black churches, what is the operate of the church building family?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: In Black churches, nosotros oft depict our churches every bit church building homes and, it follows, our churches are also our church building families. It is difficult for practitioners who haven’t experienced it to empathise what an all-inclusive back upward network that is. You non alone direct hold the minister, the minister’s wife, the deacons, the deaconesses, but you lot direct hold activities as well as supports for people at every phase of the life cycle. So you lot direct hold things similar the plant nursery where immature parents tin give the sack select their children as well as hold upward a component of church building services. You direct hold Lord's Day schoolhouse as well as all kinds of youth activities where many African American parents who alive inwards real unsafe areas, inwards urban areas, direct hold used churches every bit a socialization selection for their kids. The strategy of many of the parents as well as grandparents I’ve talked to is necktie upward their fourth dimension so they acquire them involved inwards after schoolhouse tutoring programs. And people think opor-garai Bible schoolhouse is just close spirituality, no, it’s a way to occupy kids inwards a real positive, spiritually focused activity during the fourth dimension they’re off from school. But the other expanse for whatever social worker working inwards gerontology, this is a huge expanse because research has shown that African American women as well as older African Americans, both men as well as women, genuinely rely on faith as well as spirituality to acquire them through the crude oil times, experiences of racism, trauma, loss, as well as so that number becomes huge. There are tremendous services inwards the African American churches for the elderly. Reaching out to the folks who are homebound, folks inwards nursing homes, reaching out to families who are homebound because they direct hold a theatre unit of measurement member, reaching out to hospitals when people are going through cancer as well as other life-threatening illnesses, so it’s an all-inclusive piece. The other issue, though, inwards today’s economical crisis, African American churches are similar many social service agencies, services for the homeless, services for nutrient banks. When the lists are so long for things similar Big Brothers as well as Big Sisters, I volition oft plow to churches inwards the community for mentors or tutors for youth as well as people don’t think of these things inwards times when a lot of the services are drying up.
Jonathan Singer: So if I were working with an African American theatre unit of measurement as well as I knew they were involved inwards their church, could I say, “Is this something that your church building theatre unit of measurement could assist out with?” I mean, is that the phrase, “church family”?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Yeah, that’s 1 of the ways you lot could travel but you lot get-go desire to enquire about, peculiarly if you’re non peculiarly religious yourself, or you’re non of this culture. You desire to say, “You know, just curious, do you lot direct hold a church building family? Have you lot ever had one?” as well as “What kinds of things do you lot count on them for?” Even Black families, peculiarly unmarried nurture families who are isolated, who are non members of church building families, may inwards fact notice services for their kids offered through the churches, or for their elderly.
Jonathan Singer: So I tin give the sack empathise why it would hold upward of import to banking company check inwards with a theatre unit of measurement to notice out what their church building involvement was, to notice out what the norms are. I also know that at that spot are African American families, whatever family, that powerfulness non hold upward involved inwards churches, as well as yet, peculiarly inwards the African American community, you’re proverb that churches are a huge resource. Are churches a resources for folks who aren’t members of that church?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Absolutely. Particularly inwards price of services, services for youth. You direct hold many African American families who acquire their kids involved inwards tutoring or mentoring or diverse activities, non because of their religious significance but because it keeps them off the streets. Also, at that spot are a number of churches that direct hold done first-class work, my ain for example, on gang summits as well as trying to select kids dorsum from the streets inwards that regard. There are some churches that direct hold twelve pace programs, a heart as well as soul abuse ministry. There are numerous churches that direct hold services for the elderly. So if you lot direct hold a real isolated customer or family, it may hold upward a way to connect them.
Jonathan Singer: And I know that there’s a researcher out of the University of Pennsylvania who has been doing piece of work on developing suicide prevention programs through churches. (Molock, S.D., Barksdale, C., Matlin, S., Puri, R., Cammack, N., & Spann, M. (2007). Qualitative Study of Suicidality as well as Help-Seeking Behaviors inwards African American Adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40(1), doi:52-63.10.1007/s10464-007-9122-3)
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Excellent.
Jonathan Singer: Which I thought was a real creative sentiment of combining this number of faith as well as spirituality every bit a protective element with the surroundings that powerfulness hold upward most stigmatizing around issues of suicide.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Definitely. And Kaslow, every bit you lot know downwards at Emory has looked at faith as well as spirituality every bit a protective element inwards price of suicidality inwards African American women who’ve experienced domestic violence. (Kaslow, N., Price, A. W., Wyckoff, S., Grall, M. B., Sherry, A., & Young, S. (2004). Person factors associated with suicidal deportment alongside African American women as well as men. Cultural Diversity as well as Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(1), 5-22.)
Jonathan Singer: And we’ll pose the link to those studies on the website for folks who desire to hear to a greater extent than close that. So I’m certain at that spot are folks listening to this podcast correct at nowadays saying, “Ok, sure, Dr. Boyd-Franklin tin give the sack utter close this but I don’t genuinely know what to say.” Should social workers enquire close faith as well as spirituality, as well as if so, how? And how powerfulness these issues emerge inwards therapy if they’re non holler for directly?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Absolutely. I think 1 of the issues is that if you lot enquire as well as you lot only say, “Would you lot depict yourself every bit religious?” And they say, “Yeah, I’m a fellow member of a church,” or enquire “Are you lot a fellow member of a church?” if they are, you’re going to direct hold a difficult fourth dimension getting out of the room because you’ll hold upward at that spot 2 hours. If they tell “no” you’ll desire to ask, “I know at that spot are a lot of folks who are non religious but they may hold upward spiritual. Would you lot depict yourself every bit spiritual?” “Tell me a footling close your spirituality,” or “Tell me a footling close your church” if they admit that they are church building members. I acquire concerned because at that spot are many people who know to enquire the get-go query but the of import affair is to encourage people, I think the most of import affair you lot tin give the sack tell is, “Tell me to a greater extent than close it,” so you lot acquire a sense of how much is this a component of their lives? If it’s not, it’s not, but if it is, for those African Americans for whom it’s important, it’s huge.
Jonathan Singer: Are at that spot resources out at that spot for folks who desire to larn to a greater extent than close how to address issues of faith as well as spirituality?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Absolutely.
Jonathan Singer: What are some of those?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: I would recommend my mass Black Families as well as Therapy. There’s a whole chapter on faith as well as spirituality. Also, a mass yesteryear Froma Walsh on spiritual resources as well as theatre unit of measurement therapy. I direct hold a chapter inwards that mass with genuinely 1 of my graduate students who did research on this number inwards African American families as well as I would strongly recommend that every bit a possibility.
Jonathan Singer: I know that students as well as educators take away heed to this podcast as well as I was wondering, what are some of the implications for preparation inwards both the champaign as well as inwards the classroom?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Yes, I firmly believe that this is an number of cultural competency, that so oft our courses that direct hold a multicultural focus are real limited. And I genuinely experience this needs to hold upward a component of the preparation of social workers, psychologists, mental wellness professionals inwards general, theatre unit of measurement therapists, because for the families for whom it’s important, as well as manifestly it’s non of import for every family, but for the families for whom it’s important, it’s fundamental as well as it is a strength, it’s a survival mechanism. If you lot enquire somebody who’s just had an incident of racism, “How do you lot acquire through it?” they utter close their spirituality or their religious beliefs. I’ve done research as well as interventions, every bit you lot know, inwards the Gulf portion after Hurricane Katrina, as well as inwards New Orleans, Louisiana, Mississippi, I’ve been so impressed with the spiritual beliefs of the people, fifty-fifty if they had theatre unit of measurement that helped them, you lot asked, “How did you lot acquire through?” they said, “God saw me through,” as well as that slice is fundamental to their resilience, to their survival. And so, it is such an of import area. When you lot do an assessment with an African American customer or family, it’s got to hold upward component of the assessment. Now, I desire to remind you, though, that if it doesn’t fit, it doesn’t fit. I similar the analogy of the photographic boob tube camera lens, you lot know, it’s necessary to select the moving painting but you’ve got to arrange it for each novel customer as well as each novel theatre unit of measurement that walks inwards the door, otherwise you lot create a stereotype.
Jonathan Singer: So, coming dorsum to this illustration that you lot were talking about, folks from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, when you lot talked close spirituality as well as faith every bit a resource. If my customer starts to utter close that, as well as let’s tell I’m non peculiarly religious or I direct hold a unlike religious belief, how should I travel close existence at that spot for my customer as well as going downwards that path without stepping on the toes of ministry?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Ok, all right. That is a marvelous question. Therapy is non missionary work. I think the most of import ethical number is non imposing our ain spiritual or religious beliefs on our client. What I’ve institute every bit a practitioner for years as well as years as well as inwards preparation other practitioners is, if you lot ask, “Are you lot religious? Are you lot a fellow member of a church building family?” holler upward that you lot may get, “Yes, I’m religious as well as I’m a fellow member of a mosque.” The challenge is that if you lot don’t ask, you lot missy the chance to do forcefulness based work. And what I’ve institute is that fifty-fifty if you lot pass five, vii minutes holler for close these issues, as well as all you lot direct hold to tell is, “Is it of import inwards your life?” if they tell “yes” say, “Tell me to a greater extent than close it,” you’ll hold upward at that spot for 2 hours, trust me. That is the of import component of the work. What’s of import is to recognize that you lot don’t direct hold to know all the footling details. Cultural competency agency existence able to enquire the query as well as and so do reflective listening, “So you’re proverb that this is genuinely similar your family. This is genuinely fundamental to your life,” so you’re saying, inwards a unlike client, “You’re non peculiarly religious but you’re proverb spirituality is sort of who you lot are, tell me to a greater extent than close that. How powerfulness you lot job spirituality when you’re feeling depressed or when you’re dealing with issues inwards your theatre unit of measurement or inwards your life?” So it opens upward the dialogue inwards a way that tin give the sack hold upward real powerful. And as well as so it tin give the sack hold upward incorporated into therapeutic interventions.
Jonathan Singer: So it makes sense that you’re proverb job your basic clinical skills to expand as well as explore this number of religious or spiritual involvement fifty-fifty if it’s unlike from your own.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: And allow me add, since nosotros may direct hold researchers tuning into this too, Black churches are tremendous bases for both the evolution of intervention programs as well as for reaching a population inwards the African American community that you lot wouldn’t attain otherwise. Black churches do a nifty bargain of pedagogy as well as prevention, you lot know, “Stop downwards after church building as well as acquire your blood pressure level checked.” Those kinds of interventions are real very powerful also. The other affair is that it tin give the sack hold upward incorporated into interventions. For example, inwards suicide prevention, I direct hold had clients, as well as I’ve supervised my students’ clients, who direct hold had a history of suicidality, they’ve been hospitalized inwards today’s managed attention world, it’s a short-term hospitalization, so you lot direct hold to back upward that individual after they are released from the infirmary as well as they may even so experience moments of suicidal ideation. So for example, 1 of the things that tin give the sack hold upward real powerful is to have, for a individual with a church building family, that comes with a whole bunch of prayer warriors. You tin give the sack ask, “Have you lot ever had a prayer partner? Would you lot consider having a prayer partner who tin give the sack hold upward an additional back upward for you lot when you’re feeling depressed so you lot don’t acquire to that suicidal point?” so that individual tin give the sack pray with them daily. In add-on to therapy, it’s a phenomenal intervention, but if you lot don’t know close it, you lot don’t know to ask. So I would recommend the reading, those 2 chapters lone would give the reader tremendous ideas. Also, African Americans job spiritual metaphors inwards treatment. My favorite is the number of spiritual warfare. I can’t tell you lot how many suicidal clients direct hold described their contend around suicidality every bit an illustration of spiritual warfare betwixt the component of them that wants to adhere to their spiritual beliefs as well as the component of them that wants to halt it all.
Jonathan Singer: So, Nancy, give thank you lot you so much for taking the fourth dimension to utter with us today close faith as well as spirituality with African American families.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Thank you, Jonathan. I’m looking frontwards to listening to the podcast as well as I’d genuinely hold upward excited to hear to a greater extent than from your listeners close their interests.
Jonathan Singer: Along those lines, if they direct hold questions, is it ok to contact you?
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Absolutely.
Jonathan Singer: Alright, we’ll pose your contact data on the website, ok.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin: Wonderful.
Jonathan Singer: Great, thank you lot so much.
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Bio
Nancy Boyd-Franklin's special interests include multicultural issues, the handling of African-American families, ethnicity as well as theatre unit of measurement therapy, home-based theatre unit of measurement therapy, marital as well as couples therapy, the multisystems approach to the handling of pitiful inner-city families, issues for women of color, the evolution of a model of therapeutic back upward groups for African-American families living with AIDS, as well as issues inwards working with African American children as well as adolescents. Her publications include numerous articles as well as chapters on the higher upward topics. She has written 4 books including: Black Families inwards Therapy: H5N1 Multisystem Approach; Children, Families, as well as HIV/AIDS: Psychosocial as well as Therapeutic Issues; Reaching Out inwards Family Therapy: Home-Based ,School as well as Community Interventions, with Dr. Brenna Bry; as well as Boys Into Men: Raising Our African American Teenage Sons with Dr. Anderson J. Franklin. In 2003, the 2nd edition of her mass Black Families inwards Therapy: Understanding the African American Experience was published. Her honors include receipt of the honour for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Ethnic Minority Psychology as well as to the Mentoring of Students from Division 45 of the APA (2001), the honour for Outstanding Contributions to the Theory, Practice as well as Research on Psychotherapy with Women from Division 35 of the APA (1996), the Distinguished Psychologist of the Year Award from the Association of Black Psychologists (1994) as well as the Pioneering Contribution to the Field of Family Therapy Award from the American Family therapy Academy.
Contact
Nancy Boyd-Franklin Ph.D.
Professor, Clinical Core Faculty
Rutgers University
Graduate School of Applied as well as Professional Psychology
Office: Psychology, A213
Phone: 732-445-2000 x 135
Email: boydfrank@aol.com
References
Dr. Boyd-Franklin provided this bibliography of plant that relate to faith as well as spirituality with African Americans.
- Abimola, W. (1997). Ifa volition mend our broken world: Thoughts on Yoruba faith as well as civilization inwards Africa as well as the Diaspora. Roxbury, MA: Aim Books.
- Amen, R. U. N. (1990). Metu Neter: Vol.1. The Great Oracle of Tehuti as well as the Egyptian organization of spiritual cultivation. Brooklyn, NY: Khamit.
- Arnette, N. C., Mascaro, N., Santana, M. C., Davis, S., & Kaslow, N. J. (2007). Enhancing spiritual well-being alongside suicidal African American woman individual survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(10), 909-924.
- Armstrong, T. D. & Crowther, M. R. (2002). Spirituality alongside older African Americans. Journal of Adult Development, 9(1), 3-12.
- Aten, J. D. & Leach, M. M. (Eds.). (2008). Spirituality as well as the therapeutic process: H5N1 comprehensive resources from intake to termination. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Barnes, S.L. (2006). Whosoever volition allow her come: Social activism as well as gender inclusivity inwards the Black church. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 45, (3), 371-387.
- Billingsley, A. (1992). Climbing Jacob’s ladder: The enduring legacy of African American families. New York: Touchstone Books.
- Billingsley, A. (1999). Mighty similar a river: The Black church building as well as social reform. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Bowen-Reid, T. L. & Harrell, J. P. (2002). Racist experiences as well as wellness outcomes: An examine of spirituality every bit a buffer. Journal of Black Psychology, 28, (1), 18-36.
- Boyd-Franklin, N. (2003). Black families inwards therapy: Understanding the African American experience. New York: Guilford Press.
- Boyd-Franklin, N. (2008). Working with African Americans as well as trauma: Lessons for clinicians from Hurricane Katrina. In M. McGoldrick & K. Hardy (Eds.), Re-visioning theatre unit of measurement therapy: Race, culture, as well as gender inwards clinical exercise (2nd ed., pp. 344-355). New York: Guilford Press.
- Boyd-Franklin, N. (2010). Families affected yesteryear Hurricane Katrina as well as other disasters: Learning from the experiences of African American survivors. In P. Dass-Brailsford (Ed), Crisis as well as disaster counseling: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina as well as other disasters. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Boyd-Franklin, N., Cleek, E., & Wofsy, M. (in press). Therapy inwards the existent world: Intervention strategies for clinicians. New York: Guilford Press.
- Boyd-Franklin, N. & Lockwood, T. W. (2009). Spirituality as well as religion: Implications for psychotherapy with African American families. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Spiritual Resources inwards Family Therapy (2nd ed., pp. 141-155). New York: Guilford Press.
- Budge, W. (1991). Egyptian religion: Egyptian ideas of the futurity life. New York: Carol.
- Carter, B. & McGoldrick, M. (2015). The expanded theatre unit of measurement life cycle: Individual, family, as well as social perspectives (5th ed.). New York: Allyn as well as Bacon.
- Centers for Disease Control as well as Prevention (2009). Youth violence facts at a glance. Retrieved 8/1/09 from www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention.
- Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2008). Spirituality as well as subjective religiosity alongside African Americans, Caribbean Area Blacks, as well as Non-Hispanic Whites. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(4), 725-737.
- Constantine, M. G., Lewis, E. L., Conner, L. C., & Sanchez, D. (2000). Addressing spiritual as well as religious issues inwards counseling African Americans: Implications for counselor preparation as well as practice. Counseling as well as Values, 45(1), 28-39.
- Constantine, M. G., Miville, M . L., Warren, A. K., Gainor, K., Lewis-Coles, M. E. (2006). Religion, spirituality, as well as career evolution inwards African American college students: H5N1 qualitative inquiry. The Career Development Quarterly, 54(3), 227-241.
- Dass-Brailsford, P. (2010). Crisis as well as disaster counseling: Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina as well as other disasters. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Franklin, A. J. (2004). From brotherhood to manhood: How Black men rescue their relationships as well as dreams from the invisibility syndrome. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Frazier, R. E. & Hansen, N. D. (2009). Religious/spirituality psychotherapy behaviors: Do nosotros do what nosotros believe to hold upward important? Professional Psychology: Research as well as Practice, 40(1), 81-87.
- Gallup, G. & Newport, F. (2006). Religion most of import to Blacks, women as well as older Americans. Retrieved 9/4/09 from www.gallup.com/poll/25585/Religion-Most-Important-Blacks-Women-Older-Americans.aspx.
- Gonsiorek, J. C., Richards, P. S., Pargament, K. L., & McMinn, M. R. (2009). Ethical challenges as well as opportunities at the edge: Incorporating spirituality as well as faith into psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research as well as Practice, 40(4),385-395.
- Hines, P. M., & Boyd-Franklin, N. (2005). African American families. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & N. Garcia-Preto (Eds.), Ethnicity as well as theatre unit of measurement therapy (3rd ed., pp. 87–100). New York: Guilford Press.
- Johnson, K. S., Elbert-Avila, K. I., & Tulsky, J. A. (2005). The influence of spiritual beliefs as well as practices on the handling preferences of African Americans: H5N1 review of the literature. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 53(4), 711-719.
- Kahle, P. A. & Robbins, J. M. (2004). The powerfulness of spirituality inwards therapy: Integrating spiritual as well as religious beliefs inwards mental wellness practice. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Pastoral Press.
- Kaslow, N., Price, A. W., Wyckoff, S., Grall, M. B., Sherry, A., & Young, S. (2004). Person factors associated with suicidal deportment alongside African American women as well as men. Cultural Diversity as well as Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(1), 5-22.
- Krause, N. M. (2006). Exploring race as well as sexual practice differences inwards church building involvement during afterwards life. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 16, (2), 127-144.
- Krause, N. M. & Chatters, L.M. (2005). Exploring race differences inwards a multidimensional battery of prayer measures alongside older adults. Sociology of Religion, 66(1), 23-43.
- Krause, N. M., Chatters, L. M., Meltzer, T., & Morgan, D. L. (2000). Using focus groups to explore the nature of prayer inwards belatedly life. Journal of Aging Studies, 14(2), 191-212.
- Lincoln, C. E. (1996). Black Muslims inwards America. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
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APA (6th ed) citation for this podcast:
Singer, J. B. (Host). (2010, May 26). Incorporating faith as well as spirituality into social piece of work exercise with African Americans: Interview with Nancy Boyd-Franklin, Ph.D.[Episode 59]. Social Work Podcast. Podcast retrieved Month Day, Year, from /search?q=bio-psychosocial-spiritual-bpss
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