Listeners of the Social Work Podcast, followers of the Social Work Podcast Twitter feed (@socworkpodcast), too fans on the Social Work Podcast Facebook page responded to a asking to vote for their preferred Definition of Evidence Based Practice. The results were surprising:
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Bio
Danielle E. Parrish, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor amongst the University of Houston, Graduate College of Social Work. physician Parrish's enquiry broadly focuses on the evolution too implementation of evidence-based behavioral wellness interventions for adolescents too adult females. She has conducted enquiry to position to a greater extent than efficient ways to implement efficacious interventions inwards real-world settings using the evidence-based practise (EBP) procedure model. physician Parrish was the PI on a recent large cross-sectional survey, which assessed the views too implementation of evidence-based practise amid a various sample of behavioral wellness practitioners inwards Texas too validated a brusk version of the Evidence-Based Practice Process Assessment Scale (EBPPAS-Short Version), which she co-authored amongst Allen Rubin. She has also developed too evaluated a preparation model for community practitioners on the EBP process, too made numerous invited too peer reviewed presentations on this model too the integration of EBP into social piece of work education. physician Parrish's prior clinical experience includes working inwards the next populace mental wellness settings amongst children, adolescents, adults too families: juvenile judge mental health, baby mental health, too outpatient mental health.
Email: dparrish@uh.edu
Room: 312 Social Work Building
Phone: 713-743-8105
University of Houston Faculty Page
Transcript
Introduction
Jonathan Singer: You've in all likelihood heard of it. Maybe your professors asked you lot to write a newspaper on it, or your agency said you lot had to produce it. Maybe you lot enquiry it. Maybe you lot instruct it. Maybe you lot dearest it. Maybe you lot loathe it. Maybe you lot wishing I would define the pronoun "it". Ok. Fair enough. Today's episode of the Social Work Podcast looks at the trip the lite fantastic craze that's sweeping the profession – the Evidence Based Practice.
Ok, it's non truly a trip the lite fantastic craze; inwards fact I don't think it is fifty-fifty a dance. But I could run into unopen to enterprising social piece of work students creating a flash mob evidence-based practise dance. If you lot do, upload it too ship me a link – we'll post it on the Social Work Podcast website. But I digress...
I wanted to produce an episode on Evidence-Based Practice because it has been the champaign of report of a lot of debate inwards Social Work. One of the controversies is over how to define evidence based practice. So, how produce you lot define it? Last calendar week I created a poll on the Social Work Podcast website too asked people to vote on i of 4 possible definitions of evidence-based practice. I allow people know close the poll through a brief podcast update, a tweet on the SWP twitter feed, too a message on the Facebook fan page. In 7 days 183 people voted. One mortal said EBP was "a waste materials of time." Seven people (3% of respondents) said that EBP was "when practitioners are mandated to locomote sure enough interventions/programs yesteryear a funding source (e.g., managed care)." Fifty-eight people - almost 1/3 of respondents – said that EBP was "using empirically supported treatments (e.g. DBT or MST)." 117 people - nearly 2 thirds of respondents – said that EBP was "a procedure that uses the best available research, along amongst customer values too practitioner expertise, to reply a multifariousness of practise questions." So, who is right? Well, according to a 2011 article written yesteryear today's guest, Danielle Parrish too her co-author Allen Rubin, EBP is ‘‘the conscientious, explicit too judicious locomote of electrical flow best evidence inwards making decisions close the aid of individuals [clients]" (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, & Richardson, 1996, p. 71) too "the integration of best enquiry evidence amongst clinical expertise too [client] values" (Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 2000, p.1). In other words, EBP is a procedure that uses the best available research, too practitioner expertise too customer values, to reply a multifariousness of practise questions. So, why isn't Dialectical Behavior Therapy, or i of the agency-mandated programs considered Evidence-Based Practice? Stay tuned too abide by out.
In today's interview, Danielle too I utter close the departure betwixt the procedure of evidence-based practise too evidence-based practices, also known equally empirically-supported treatments. We utter close why social workers should locomote the evidence-base practise process. Danielle identified unopen to of the limitations of the EBP process, resources for social workers interested inwards accessing the evidence-base, too ways that social workers could back upward each other inwards existence evidence-based practitioners. Today's episode does non embrace the history of evidence-based practice. That was covered yesteryear Bruce Thyer inwards a 2009 episode of Living Proof, the podcast serial of the University at Buffalo School of Social Work.
Oh, too I'm talking to Danielle because she's i of our profession's experts on this subject. Check out her bio: Danielle E. Parrish, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor amongst the University of Houston, Graduate College of Social Work. physician Parrish's enquiry broadly focuses on the evolution too implementation of evidence-based behavioral wellness interventions for adolescents too adult females. physician Parrish was the PI on a large cross-sectional survey, which assessed the views too implementation of evidence-based practise amid a various sample of behavioral wellness practitioners inwards Texas too validated a brusk version of the Evidence-Based Practice Process Assessment Scale (EBPPAS-Short Version), which she co-authored amongst Allen Rubin. She has also developed too evaluated a preparation model for community practitioners on the EBP process. She's published articles too mass chapters on the procedure of Evidence-Based Practice too made numerous invited too peer reviewed presentations on this model too the integration of EBP into social piece of work education.
Today's interview was recorded inwards Portland at the 2011 Society for Social Work too Research conference. And now, on to episode 65 of the Social Work Podcast: The Process of Evidence-Based Practice: An interview amongst Danielle E. Parrish, Ph.D.
Interview
Jonathan Singer: Thanks thus much for existence hither too talking amongst us today close evidenced-based practise too my start interrogation for you lot is what is evidenced-based practice?
Danielle Parrish: Well, that’s a truly goodness interrogation too I think that it's a interrogation that’s caused a bang-up bargain of confusion for a multifariousness of practitioners too researchers. I’d similar to start out yesteryear mentioning that at that spot receive got been truly 2 definitions floating out at that spot but that the top dog Definition of evidence-based practise is the Definition that is a procedure inwards which you lot integrate the best available enquiry amongst your ain practitioner expertise too the client’s values, characteristics too preferences.
And, equally a business office of this procedure it's truly been operationally defined inwards 5 steps. The start stride is to pose whatever answerable practise question. The minute stride is to search electronically for the best available evidence to reply that question. The 3rd stride is to critically appraise the enquiry that you lot find. The quaternary stride is to convey what you’ve establish too integrate it equally I said before amongst your ain practiced expertise, context of practise inwards the client’s values, civilization too preferences.
So, it's truly this procedure of offering the customer the information or involving them inwards the procedure of informed consent close what the enquiry is for various options for their detail province of affairs too empowering them to brand a selection collaboratively amongst you lot equally the practitioner too and thus finally the 5th stride is to evaluate the outcomes of whatever practise determination was made to run into if it's working.
Jonathan Singer: Okay, thus it's, it's a process. That’s i of the definitions, it's a procedure too you lot mentioned informed consent, what produce you lot hateful yesteryear that?
Danielle Parrish: Well, that’s really, you lot know, the procedure of empowering the customer to sort of bring together amongst you lot in, inwards knowing too existence real transparent amongst them close what the choices are too what, what the evidence is for the various choices that they tin pursue too merely truly involving them inwards that procedure too existence – too if at that spot is an evidence, existence transparent close that, too.
Jonathan Singer: Okay. So, that was i definition. What was the other definition?
Danielle Parrish: I think the other Definition that’s it's truly sort of been out at that spot is primarily in all likelihood amid practitioners. When I receive got done preparation amongst practitioners inwards the yesteryear on the evidence-based practise process, they're surprised yesteryear this Definition because what they're hearing to a greater extent than oft inwards their practise is that evidence-based practise is doing an intervention that’s on an approved listing of, you lot know, treatments or programs that receive got a sure enough amount of evidence or that volition be, that are reimbursable too the occupation amongst that – I mean, I don’t think that those are necessarily bad approaches but I think that—
Jonathan Singer: Hopefully, they're goodness approaches because what they have—
Danielle Parrish: Yeah, I promise they would—
Jonathan Singer: – they receive got an evidence-based – so, so, thus similar an instance powerfulness live dialectical demeanor therapy–
Danielle Parrish: Right. And as—
Jonathan Singer: – right, or–
Danielle Parrish: – quite a wide, yeah, base of operations of support. But I think that what we're missing when we, when nosotros convey something off a listing too nosotros apply it to everybody is that we're non taking into consideration the variation too how clients introduce too what powerfulness live culturally appropriate for them or, or acceptable too thus I think that the procedure allows us a lilliputian fleck to a greater extent than powerfulness to sort of convey those contextual issues into occupation concern human relationship too – but also soundless take in the enquiry evidence.
Jonathan Singer: So, the procedure of evidence-based practise would allow you lot to run into a client, figure out what they need, figure out what you're comfortable doing, figure out what the enquiry says is best to produce inwards this province of affairs if at that spot is enquiry on whatever your customer is coming inwards with. And that’s dissimilar from evidence-based practices—
Danielle Parrish: Right.
Jonathan Singer: – or—
Danielle Parrish: Or equally unopen to people would tell empirically-supported interventions. That’s I approximate i way to differentiate and, too proceed it less confusing is that nosotros receive got the evidence-based practise procedure too and thus nosotros receive got empirically-supported interventions.
Jonathan Singer: Okay. So, that volition live – thus from right away on anybody who’s listening to this volition tell empirically-supported interventions or treatments rather than evidence-based practise for those off-the-shelf manual kinds of approaches because making a epitome shift hither so.
Danielle Parrish: I think that’d live wonderful.
Jonathan Singer: Okay.
Danielle Parrish: I think it’d live less confusing but I don’t know if it's going to happen.
Jonathan Singer: Okay. Well, we'll produce – this volition live similar our unmarried scheme design.
Danielle Parrish: Right.
Jonathan Singer: Like is at that spot a alter later this podcast.
Danielle Parrish: Right, we'll evaluate this practice.
Jonathan Singer: Right, this is the A-B (single-system) pattern right? There you lot go. Okay. What are unopen to of the assumptions behind advocating for social workers taking an evidence-based approach to service delivery?
Danielle Parrish: That’s a bang-up question. I think, I think the top dog supposition to this approach is that enquiry is an of import business office of, of determination making inwards practise too that, however, I think the EBP procedure approach says it isn't the solely of import aspect of making practise decisions.
So, it's, it's sort of – so, I think that’s how it differs from practise is that largely we've relied on authorisation or a tradition or supervisors to sort of straight us inwards the correct path for our dissimilar practise decisions that we're making too the procedure truly says let's integrate i to a greater extent than thing into this determination making process. Let's take in the enquiry inwards a systematic way.
And, I suppose that the assumption, the argue nosotros receive got this supposition is because nosotros know from the yesteryear that nosotros – at that spot are things that receive got made feel theoretically that should receive got worked but, but truly haven't too receive got been harmful.
Jonathan Singer: So, what's an example?
Danielle Parrish: So, i instance is critical incident stress debriefing which is an approach that’s typically used later a major disaster or traumatic trial where you, you lot sort of involve – acquire a grouping of people together and—
Jonathan Singer: Like start responders or something, yeah.
Danielle Parrish: Right, similar start responders and, too basically what nosotros establish through enquiry over fourth dimension – it made feel at start to sort of merely address it and, you lot know, brand people experience rubber too procedure the event. However, what nosotros establish over fourth dimension is that it, it truly results in, inwards an increase inwards the number of people that developed PTSD. That’s i example. The DARE plan which we've sunk a lot of coin into over the, the lastly several years, I approximate what, decades–
Jonathan Singer: Decades, yeah.
Danielle Parrish: – which, too which, which wasn’t effective too nosotros knew for a long fourth dimension that that was the case, the Scared-Straight Program too you lot know business office of the occupation is that nosotros could live harming individuals too the other issues that nosotros could live wasting resources.
Jonathan Singer: So, what you're proverb is that it's, it's non plenty to merely locomote practise wisdom. You also desire to integrate the enquiry but you lot desire to critically appraise the enquiry to brand sure enough that whatever you're using truly works.
Danielle Parrish: Absolutely. Yeah, something could, could brand feel theoretically or based on mutual feel but, but when you lot examine it out, nosotros could acquire something that nosotros didn’t know or that it may non live readily apparent. And it also helps to know what's best. Something powerfulness live a lot to a greater extent than brief, you lot know, too a lot less, a lot to a greater extent than cost-efficient than, than alternatives. So, I think that, you lot know, relying on the enquiry to, to reply those types of questions is real valuable.
Jonathan Singer: So, what are unopen to of the limitations of evidence-based practice?
Danielle Parrish: So, what produce you lot hateful specifically?
Jonathan Singer: Well, I approximate I’m thinking too if, you lot know, if I were a practitioner I would absolutely desire to produce the best for my clients but if I’m taking into consideration what my clients demand too what I know how to do, similar my practise wisdom which is what I've been doing but right away I receive got to include the research, that way I receive got to receive got access—
Danielle Parrish: Mm-hmm.
Jonathan Singer: – to the research. And let's tell I truly produce receive got access to the enquiry which I’m non sure enough how I would acquire access to, reading it is a nightmare similar it's all statistics and, too similar methods and, you lot know, too it's non written for me equally a practitioner too thus I desire to produce it but I don’t know how to convey something from this enquiry article too and thus set it into my practice.
Danielle Parrish: Mm-hmm.
Jonathan Singer: That’s sort of what I hateful yesteryear similar a limitation.
Danielle Parrish: Mm-hmm. I think it's definitely a challenge inwards implementing the process. I think at that spot are a few things that tin live done. The start is that at that spot are a lot of resources available online. So, if you lot start amongst the start betoken that you lot made close access to information, things are sprouting upward similar crazy. There are thus many dissimilar resources out there.
The start thing that practitioners commonly don’t realize is that they receive got access to their local libraries, the populace library. Typically if you lot receive got a membership, most libraries these days receive got electronic access that you lot tin acquire anywhere where you lot receive got network access home, piece of work too you lot tin search databases that are real similar to a lot of the populace libraries or academy libraries I should say.
And that doesn’t solve the, the concern close reading enquiry but I produce think that at that spot are unopen to ways to brand that procedure easier too maybe to a greater extent than practitioner-friendly. I think typically if, if you lot tin shoot for trying to abide by a systematic review start – basically what the systematic review does is it, it synthesizes a large amount of literature inwards a detail practise expanse inwards i article instead of a lot of articles.
Jonathan Singer: So, it does the piece of work for you.
Danielle Parrish: Basically, yeah, too nosotros receive got unopen to bang-up organizations on the spider web such equally the Campbell Collaboration too the Cochrane Collaboration that truly set these online, the summaries at least. I know Campbell puts the whole review but if – equally a practitioner if you lot read the summary, they typically produce plough over you lot implications for practise from the overall review too thus that tin live truly helpful inwards damage of knowing what the findings mean.
Campbell typically focuses on areas that are real relevant to social work, social welfare, criminal judge equally unopen to examples too the Cochrane Collaboration typically focuses to a greater extent than on medicine but at that spot are a lot of resources inwards the expanse of mental health. So, those are both bang-up resources. You tin pretty much Google the 2 names that I've given too they'll come upward up but – too at that spot are a lot of other resources out at that spot equally good that sort of summarize the literature inwards dissimilar areas too I’m happy to furnish a listing of those resources if you’d similar to post them on your site.
Jonathan Singer: Yeah, I know. That would live great. We'll post that on the Social Work Podcast website. That’ll live bang-up too we'll post the links to the Cochrane [http://www.cochrane.org/] too the Campbell [http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/] websites. Okay. So, those are, those are places that clinicians tin locomote to acquire summaries of the enquiry and, too they tin also to their library. It sounds similar to access journals too books too that sort of stuff.
Danielle Parrish: Right. Right. And the other, the other thing that unopen to practitioners receive got establish helpful is, is to sort of acquire into teams. So, if inside an agency, if at that spot were unopen to individuals that were interested inwards various steps of the EBP process, you lot know, the sort of similar a piece of work squad that could acquire together, position practise questions too sort of divvy upward the various steps of the procedure too generate cognition for their detail agency too part it, that’s i way to sort of brand the procedure to a greater extent than feasible.
And if practitioners are inwards private practice, they tin sort of maybe acquire together too shape a mag fellowship or unopen to sort of an evidence-based practise procedure fellowship where they come upward together too position similar questions that they receive got too took a squad approach to answering those questions.
Jonathan Singer: Let's tell I am working inwards an agency too I am working amongst kids the way of conquering disorders too I recall from my MSW plan that there's non much enquiry out at that spot on these kids too let's tell I am fifty-fifty able to produce a review too I don’t abide by whatever research.
Danielle Parrish: Mm-hmm.
Jonathan Singer: Like am I non able to produce evidence-based practise at that point?
Danielle Parrish: That’s a bang-up question. I would, I would fence that if you lot receive got gone through the procedure to await for the evidence too it's non at that spot that you're soundless engaging inwards the evidence-based practise procedure because you’ve looked for the research. And that detail instance it powerfulness be, you lot know, a province of affairs where you lot convey the enquiry that most applies too you lot integrate that amongst your practise expertise or the expertise of, of your beau practitioners and, and, too endeavour to abide by the best class of activity too then, of course, it becomes fifty-fifty to a greater extent than of import to evaluate your practice.
Jonathan Singer: Like if you're working amongst Latino youth too the solely enquiry out at that spot is amongst white or African-American kids, like—
Danielle Parrish: Right.
Jonathan Singer: – you’d desire to evaluate it to run into if at that spot are whatever cultural differences or something similar that.
Danielle Parrish: Absolutely.
Jonathan Singer: So, are students learning evidence-based practise or the procedure of evidence-based practise inwards schools of social work?
Danielle Parrish: I think they are learning it to a greater extent than than inwards the past. Allen Rubin too I did a survey I would tell close 5 years agone of MSW faculty inwards the U.S. It was interesting because at that betoken inwards fourth dimension nosotros establish out that fifty-fifty faculty were real divided inwards how they define evidence-based practice. As I was mentioning earlier, there's these 2 definitions thus unopen to people saw it equally a process.
Some people saw it to a greater extent than equally a sort of listing of empirically-supported interventions. So, too nosotros also receive got establish at that spot are a lot of, at that spot was a lot of variation inwards how faculty viewed what sort of evidence was necessary for deeming something equally existence empirically-supported or evidence-based too thus that led to the Austin Initiative.
It was hosted yesteryear UT Austin too sort of organized yesteryear Allen Rubin too it resulted inwards a, the gathering of hundreds of faculty across the USA and, too truly started a give-and-take I think close what evidence-based practise is, how nosotros define it inwards social piece of work too sort of how nosotros tin start teaching too educating students close the evidence-based practise procedure too thus since that fourth dimension I proceed hearing close various developments at dissimilar schools.
There's truly a collection of syllabi on the CSWE website. There's an evidence-based practise section. There are courses that are existence taught specifically on the evidence-based practise process, entire courses too unopen to of those are on there. There are syllabi at that spot that sort of integrate the procedure into other champaign of report thing too I know that the Brown School has adopted the evidence-based practise procedure as, equally the model for their, for their curriculum.
Jonathan Singer: Okay. So, it sounds similar students are learning this. There's the procedure of evidence-based practise too that at that spot are empirically-supported treatments. There are a lot of resources for social workers. There are things that social workers tin produce inwards their agencies or inwards private practise to back upward each other. Did I acquire that?
Danielle Parrish: Yeah, I think you lot summed it upward truly good actually.
Jonathan Singer: Fabulous. Okay. Well, Danielle cheers thus much for existence hither today too talking amongst us close evidence-based practice.
Danielle Parrish: Thank you lot for having me. It's been my pleasure.
--End--
Useful Internet Sites for Reviews, Practice Guidelines & Databases
Compiled yesteryear Danielle Parrish, Ph.D.
Updated: October, 2010
PDF VERSION
- Google: http://www.google.com/
- Google Scholar: scholar.google.com
- Campbell Collaboration (C2): The Campbell Collaboration Library too Database: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/
- Cochrane Collaboration: http://www.cochrane.org/
- APA Guidelines: http://www.div12.org/
- National Guidelines Clearinghouse (DHHS): http://www.guidelines.gov/
- Search Pilots (On National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Website): http://csaweb113v.csa.com/ids70/quick_search.php?SID=ghl2laqhc0qde1aj4rspo4p237
- OJJSP Model Programs Guide: www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/search.aspx
- California Evidence-based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC): http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
- BMJ Clinical Evidence: www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/index.jsp
- Department of Health too Human Services: Agency for Healthcare Research too Quality Evidence Based Practice: www.ahcpr.gov/clinic/epcix.htm
- SAMHSA’s National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs too Practices: http://www.nrepp.samhsa.gov/
- Civic Research Institute: http://www.civicresearchinstitute.com/
- PsycINFO: www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/index.aspx
- SumSEARCH: sumsearch.uthscsa.edu
- Evidence-Based Mental Health (BMJ): ebmh.bmj.com
- PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
- The National Institute for Health too Clinical Excellence (NICE): www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp
- American Academy of Child too Adolescent Psychiatry: www.aacap.org/cs/root/member_information/practice_information/practice_parameters/practice_parameters
- Information for Practice: blogs.nyu.edu/socialwork/ip
Parrish, D., & Rubin, A. (2011). Validation of the Evidence-Based Process Assessment Scale—Short Version. Research on Social Work Practice, 21, 200-211, start published on Nov 23, 2010 doi:10.1177/1049731510389193
Parrish, D.E., & Rubin, A. (2011). An Effective Model for Continuing Education Training inwards Evidence-Based Practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 21, 77-87. First published Feb 17, 2010 equally doi: 10.1177/1049731509359187.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2010). Validation of the EBP Process Assessment Scale. Research on Social Work Practice. First published August, 18, 2010 equally doi: 10.1177/1049731509347851.
Parrish, D. (2009). Cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy for adults. In The Clinician’s Guide to Evidence-Based Practice (Eds. Rubin, A., & Springer, D.). John Wiley too Sons.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2009). Development too validation of the EBP Process Assessment Scale: Preliminary Findings. Research on Social Work Practice. First published on March 4, 2009 equally doi: 10.1177/1049731508329420.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2008). Locating credible studies for evidence-based practice. In Social Workers’ Desk Reference sec Edition (Eds. Roberts, A., & Greene, G., Associate Ed.Thyer, B.), Part XVI: Evidence-Based Practice, pp. 1127-1136. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2007). Challenges to the hereafter of evidence-based practise inwards social piece of work education. Journal of Social Work Education, 43, 405-428.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2007). Problematic phrases inwards the conclusion of published outcome studies: Implications for evidence-based practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 334-347.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. (2007). Views of evidence-based practise amid faculty inwards MSW programs: H5N1 national survey. Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 110-122.
Episode xviii - physician Bruce Thyer: Looking at Evidence-Based Practice: How Did We Get Here? (2009, Apr 20). Living Proof Podcast Series. [Audio Podcast] Retrieved from http://www.socialwork.buffalo.edu/podcast/episode.asp?ep=18
APA (6th ed) citation for this podcast:
Singer, J. B. (Host). (2011, March 9). The procedure of evidence-based practice: An interview amongst Danielle E. Parish, Ph.D. [Episode 65]. Social Work Podcast. Podcast retrieved Month Day, Year, from /search?q=process-of-evidence-based-practice
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