[Episode 45] In today's podcast, I speak alongside Shaun Eack most schizophrenia as well as social work. We utter most some basic data that social workers request to know most the diagnosis of schizophrenia; Shaun identifies as well as describes the positive, negative as well as cognitive symptoms that are often acquaint inwards people alongside schizophrenia. Around thirteen minutes into the conversation nosotros switch the focus from diagnosis to the role of the social worker inwards working alongside people alongside schizophrenia. We halt our conversation alongside a give-and-take of handling approaches, including a novel approach that addresses cognitive content.
Download MP3 [33:19]According to the National Institute of Mental Health, schizophrenia is a chronic, severe as well as disabling encephalon disorder that affects 1.1% of the population over the historic stream of 18. The term “schizophrenia” was coined yesteryear Eugene Bleuler from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν, "to split") as well as phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-, "mind"). Schizophrenia literally way "split mind." But, because of the etymology of the word, schizophrenia is commonly misrepresented equally a split personality, or inwards clinical price - Dissociative Identity Disorder (APA, 2000). The confusion betwixt these ii disorders is commonly works life inwards the pop press, as well as is perpetuated inwards jokes, such equally inwards this parody of a pop children's rhyme:
Roses are red
Violets are blue
I'm schizophrenic
And thus am I
This children's rhyme makes schizophrenia sound similar a uncomplicated confusion or perhaps a funny condition. Far from funny, schizophrenia is a severely disabling disorder. The symptoms of schizophrenia autumn into 3 wide categories: positive, negative, as well as cognitive.
Positive symptoms: the presence of sensations, beliefs, as well as behaviors that would non usually occur. These are the most noticeable symptoms, as well as often the ones that are used to stereotype people alongside schizophrenia. Examples of positive symptoms include delusions (beliefs most things that are non true), hallucinations (seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, or tasting things that others practice not), irksome movements or catatonia, as well as erratic emotions.
Negative symptoms: the lack of abilities. Examples include: lack of energy, difficulty engaging inwards social activities, pathetic motivation, difficulty making friends or surgery inwards psychosocial contexts.
Cognitive symptoms: There are ii categories of cognitive symptoms - neuro-cognitive as well as social-cognitive. Neuro-cognitive deficits are problems alongside things similar attention, memory, as well as executive constituent (the powerfulness to engage inwards problem-solving). These are basic neuro-cognitive processes that people usage inwards every twenty-four hours life. People alongside schizophrenia perform 2 measure deviations below average on essay of neuro-cognitive functioning. The 2d category of cognitive symptoms are social cognitive deficits. These are the things that y'all think or practice to deed wisely as well as appropriately inwards social situations. One instance is the powerfulness to recognize social cues. People alongside schizophrenia have got a profound deficit inwards picking upwards on social cues.
The combination of positive, negative, as well as cognitive symptoms, tin brand people alongside schizophrenia fearful as well as withdrawn, as well as drive difficulties inwards relationships alongside other.
Bio
Shaun M. Eack received his Ph.D. on Nov 4, 2008 from the School of Social Work at the University of Pittsburgh. He is a predoctoral swain inwards the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. His primary inquiry focus is on the development, implementation, as well as evaluation of psychosocial handling methodologies for persons alongside schizophrenia. He equally good studies the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to recovery as well as psychosocial outcomes amid this population, as well as how the elucidation of these factors tin serve to assistance novel handling evolution efforts. In addition, he holds a wide involvement inwards social piece of work didactics as well as workforce evolution equally they relate to the provision of tending for persons alongside schizophrenia as well as other severe mental illnesses. He has authored several publications nether the mentorship of the belatedly Professor Gerard E. Hogarty on the cognitive as well as behavioral effects of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy, a novel psychosocial handling programme for persons alongside schizophrenia. In addition, he has published papers on factors affecting diverse psychosocial outcomes amid individuals alongside schizophrenia, specially character of life, equally good equally social piece of work workforce evolution issues equally they relate to serving individuals alongside schizophrenia. He is currently a recipient of an private predoctoral society from the National Institute of Mental Health that focuses on studying a novel domain of social knowledge inwards schizophrenia as well as its implications for psychosocial handling development.[Note: This interview was recorded prior to Shaun's successful disseration defense.]
Transcript
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]Jonathan Singer: So Shaun, foremost question, what is schizophrenia?
Shaun Eack: That’s a really expert inquiry to start on. It’s, I mean, officially defined yesteryear the DSM.
Jonathan Singer: The Diagnostic as well as Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR, 2000, APA).
Shaun Eack: Yes that’s right, you’ll have got to excuse me for all acronyms I may hold upwards using.
Jonathan Singer: Well, I mightiness confine inwards thus nosotros larn some clarification for our listeners.
Shaun Eack: Please do, delight do. So anyways, it’s officially defined equally a collection of symptoms, similar all of the mental disorders that nosotros piece of work alongside inwards social work. It’s genuinely just a constellation of signs as well as symptoms. Now inwards schizophrenia at that spot are symptoms that are really specific, it’s a shape of what’s known equally the psychotic disorders, which y'all know used to hold upwards these things were grouped into disorders of psychosis as well as disorders of neurosis, where neurosis had to practice alongside depression, anxiety, as well as psychosis had to practice alongside disorders that sort of correspond variety of a intermission alongside reality, interpretation of stimuli that isn’t there, or severe confusion as well as difficulty using language, as well as formal thought disorder. Schizophrenia is nether that wide framework, it has some specific symptoms that people usage to diagnose the disease, I won’t locomote over every unmarried 1 of them, y'all know but the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia genuinely are what’s know equally the positive category of symptoms, the hallucinations as well as delusions. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 hallucination is genuinely sort of the brains interpretation of some sort of stimuli that isn’t genuinely at that spot inwards the external, sort of shared reality of everybody else. This is most oft experienced yesteryear people hearing voices, there’s many dissimilar types of voices y'all tin hear inwards schizophrenia, sometimes they comment on each other, sometimes they comment on you, sometimes they tell y'all what to do, sometimes they are just passive as well as they don’t genuinely brand sense, as well as thus it’s a wide array of voices people could mayhap hear that could hold upwards indicative of someone having schizophrenia. There are equally good hallucinations associated alongside every other sensory modality, from sight to touch, but yesteryear far the most mutual are auditory hallucinations, 2d behind that are visual hallucinations.
Jonathan Singer: Well it’s interesting because I think inwards the pop media, it’s the visual hallucinations that seem to larn all the play.
Shaun Eack: Yes
Jonathan Singer: People are similar “oh I am seeing...” What was it - Robin Williams inwards the Fisher King - as well as y'all know seeing someone on a Equus caballus riding towards him.
Shaun Eack: Hollywood has a style to over dramatize what it’s similar to have got schizophrenia, as well as pigment a somewhat unreal flick of fifty-fifty what visual hallucinations mightiness hold upwards like. So often times I think our patients written report them beingness much less diffuse than sort of concrete flick of something doing something to you, similar a individual riding inwards on a horse, they’re usually much to a greater extent than nebulous than that. Not to state that that’s completely impossible or never happened.
Jonathan Singer: But it’s for sure to a greater extent than compelling inwards a blockbuster moving to have got somebody riding towards y'all on a horse.
Shaun Eack: Yes, it does brand for interesting story telling.
Jonathan Singer: (Laughs) Now y'all mentioned positive symptoms, I just desire to state that when y'all state positive symptoms, does that hateful it’s something that’s good?
Shaun Eack: That, it does non hateful good. As anyone who has experienced them testament tell you, it does non hateful that they’re good. Now some people alongside schizophrenia have got hallucinations that are less aversive as well as fifty-fifty they may come upwards to depend on as well as enjoy, but for the most constituent people testament concur that their hallucinations are at the really to the lowest degree annoying, at the most, really detrimental to their lives. Positive is just variety of a misnomer, as well as just refers to an excess inwards function. In this case, an excess inwards the encephalon responding to something that is non there. That’s why they telephone phone it a positive symptom, because it represents to a greater extent than than what sort of y'all have got normally. To contrast that, schizophrenia is non exclusively marked yesteryear quote unquote positive symptoms, but equally good what’s known equally negative symptoms. We cry things pretty but inwards schizophrenia research, positive as well as negative, fifty-fifty though they may non brand a whole lot of sense. As positive symptoms correspond sort of an excess inwards sort of sensory function, negative symptoms correspond some sort of inhibition or digress inwards function. These are usually characterized, I hateful they tin locomote really severe inwards many cases, but they’re usually characterized yesteryear symptoms sort of apartment affect, thus speaking alongside sort of really piddling touching on inwards your voice, presenting alongside really piddling touching on inwards your facial expressions, individuals it’s called sort of touching on of flatting or affective, blunting of affect, there’s equally good a severe lack of motivation that’s feature of what nosotros telephone phone negative symptoms, there’s equally good problems alongside poverty of speech, thus non beingness able to create linguistic communication equally fluently equally other people, as well as y'all meet this category equally a piddling to a greater extent than tardily to understand, than the positive symptoms, just inwards price of its name. All of these correspond genuinely variety of a loss of function, whether it has to practice alongside a lowering of speech, a lowering of affect, interpretation, or expression, as well as thus on.
Jonathan Singer: So those are the positive as well as negative symptoms, are at that spot whatever other characteristics of schizophrenia?
Shaun Eack: Those are the large two, schizophrenia is a remarkably heterogeneous disorder.
Jonathan Singer: What practice y'all hateful when y'all state heterogeneous?
Shaun Eack: No ii people alongside schizophrenia await alike, as well as non just inwards appearance, I hateful inwards their symptom presentation. The disorder is usually made upwards yesteryear a constellation of dissimilar symptoms, from positive to negative symptoms, there’s equally good symptoms of disorganization, formal thought disorder, individuals tin acquaint alongside what’s been termed equally salad, which is essentially speaking as well as all of the words are coming out, they brand no coherent sense as well as don’t logically shape sentences.
Jonathan Singer: Just to interrupt, whenever I think of the intelligence salad, I think of something that Steve Martin 1 time said. He said if y'all desire to have got y'all instruct kids to speak wrong, that way when they are foremost grade as well as they desire to locomote to the bath they enhance their mitt as well as state “Mambo dogface alongside a banana patch”.
Shaun Eack: That is intelligence salad to a T, yes, Steve Martin hitting it right.
Jonathan Singer: Hit it right, exactly.
Shaun Eack: Absolutely. I completely forgot to cite delusions of course, equally an of import positive symptom that y'all would desire to know most when y'all are diagnosing schizophrenia. It’s oft associated alongside hallucinations people practice have, as well as delusion are genuinely sort of beliefs, often times of unusual nature as well as sort of extraordinary phenomenon that have got piddling supporting evidence or genuinely no supporting evidence inwards sort of everyday life as well as basic reality. Individuals believing that sort of aliens have got come upwards to them inwards their slumber as well as position some sort of transmitting device inwards their caput that sends data to the FBI or the CIA would hold upwards an instance of a paranoid delusion, for example. Delusions, most often are paranoid inwards nature, although non always, thus individuals tin equally good have got delusions that they have got extraordinary powers, sort all reverse evidence variety of suggests that they in all likelihood practice not, as well as often times these delusions are associated alongside the voices, or other types of hallucinations these people are experiencing, as well as thus they variety of piece of work mitt inwards hand. Some interesting piece of work has been done to attempt to empathize why people alongside schizophrenia prepare delusions, as well as it turns out such individuals seem to hold upwards prone to variety of a gross misinterpretation of variety of anomalous experiences, experiences that don’t brand a lot of sense, as well as if y'all think most how y'all mightiness react, just yourself, to the anomalous experience of hearing voices chatting inwards your caput that are non your own, y'all would in all likelihood attempt to brand an explanation of that, as well as variety of spin a story most that, as well as depending on what they’re telling you, your story mightiness hold upwards really strange, as well as fifty-fifty though everybody else would tell y'all that your story is wrong, y'all soundless hear these things inwards your head, as well as y'all desire to explicate them. You know it seems similar a lot of times delusions may inwards fact hold upwards sort of really related to the hallucinations these people experience equally genuinely a method to some storey to variety of care alongside them as well as explicate y'all know the sort of unexplainable as well as anomalous experiences.
Jonathan Singer: That’s genuinely interesting because I know this thought of hearing voices is something that tin hold upwards confusing when social workers foremost start out because nosotros all have got chatter within our head.
Shaun Eack: Sure.
Jonathan Singer: So how practice y'all distinguish chatter from something that’s genuinely problematic?
Shaun Eack: Sure, thus I hateful nosotros all have got variety of an internal dialogue that nosotros locomote on alongside ourselves y'all know through the course of study of the twenty-four hours as well as y'all know mostly all the time. But nosotros all variety of know it’s us to some storey as well as people alongside schizophrenia, they think it’s someone else often times as well as I think that’s a pretty expert starting fourth dimension sing that there’s a problem. Another sort variety of tell tale sign is, non exclusively if y'all think maybe it’s non y'all but it could hold upwards someone else, but if y'all variety of can’t halt it. I hateful most of us tin have, nosotros may non have got consummate volitional command over our sort of internal dialogue, but most of us could y'all know variety of position the breaks on it if nosotros genuinely needed to, as well as genuinely divert our attending externally to whatever nosotros request to focus on. Individuals alongside schizophrenia hear voices have got a large occupation trying to practice that as well as it’s in all likelihood a expert sign that you’re lapsing into in all likelihood an auditory hallucination rather than just talking to yourself. It’s interesting, some of the neuro-imaging inquiry that’s been done inwards schizophrenia suggests that the same types of areas of the encephalon that quote unquote lite upwards or locomote activated when we’re talking to ourselves as well as processing auditory information, are equally good activated when these people are hearing voices. So y'all know they are non just responding to stimuli they’ve made up, at a really basic biological as well as physical storey they’re hearing information, their encephalon is processing some type of auditory information, as well as thus they can’t just halt that alright, I hateful it’s a hardwired procedure to some degree.
Jonathan Singer: So if I was working alongside somebody alongside schizophrenia as well as they talked most y'all know hearing voices, thus it would hold upwards of import for me to clarify what just that meant. Because it could hold upwards that they’re non hearing voices inwards the sort of psychotic sense.
Shaun Eack: Yes.
Jonathan Singer: They could just hold upwards talking most the fact that they got a lot of materials going on as well as they locomote on thinking about, what practice I request to practice today, y'all know, blah blah blah.
Shaun Eack: You know it’s definitely of import to clarify, fifty-fifty if someone is hearing what y'all are pretty sure to hold upwards an auditory hallucination, it’s ever expert to clarify the nature of that because they have got several, they have got pretty expert prognostic value, dissimilar types of auditory hallucinations.
Jonathan Singer: When y'all state prognostic value what practice y'all mean?
Shaun Eack: Ok, thus depending on what people hear as well as the types of vocalisation they’re hearing, they’ll tell y'all to some storey how good these people are going to hold upwards doing, as well as maybe fifty-fifty how good they mightiness response to some type of medicine inwards the future. So at that spot are some types of, I exclusively state that because at that spot are some types of auditory hallucinations that nosotros know are genuinely specially problematic as well as genuinely tell y'all know variety if foretell a specially problematic story that people alongside schizophrenia mightiness experience, as well as these are what are known equally quote unquote command hallucinations. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 command hallucination is a hallucination that y'all have, an auditory hallucination that y'all have got that is telling y'all to practice something, it is giving y'all commands, it is telling y'all to practice something, as well as often times that commands aren’t good. And nosotros know for these individuals, piece really few people alongside schizophrenia are violent, for the individuals that hear command hallucinations, nosotros know that their run a jeopardy for doing something tearing inwards nature, or doing something that y'all know genuinely is uncharacteristic of the full general population as well as the population of people alongside schizophrenia inwards full general is much to a greater extent than elevated, than the people that hear just variety of a running commentary inwards their caput or hear an occasional y'all know “boo” inwards price of a voice. We know that these people alongside command hallucinations have got much to a greater extent than difficulty as well as are much to a greater extent than probable to have got y'all know a severe course of study of the illness as well as problems alongside tearing behaviour inwards the future.
Jonathan Singer: I’m going to switch the subject, just a piddling bit. Why should social workers hold upwards interested inwards agreement schizophrenia? And a related question, what’s the role of the social worker inwards working alongside people alongside schizophrenia?
Shaun Eack: Sure. Well, on a really practical level, if you’re a social worker working inwards a community mental wellness center, these are who you’ll hold upwards seeing. You’ll hold upwards seeing people that are experiencing schizophrenia, that often times have got been suffering from the illness for many years, as well as thus social workers should care, if for no other reason, because these are the people that y'all testament hold upwards helping as well as serving inwards a community mental wellness center. Now of course, social workers, I think, have got a much to a greater extent than sort of noble purpose inwards working alongside people alongside schizophrenia beyond the fact that they’ll hold upwards seeing them inwards treatment, as well as that’s, if nosotros utter most all the dissimilar types of people who have got mental illness, as well as all the dissimilar mental illnesses that are out there, I think it’s in all likelihood pretty prophylactic to state that people alongside schizophrenia are most inwards request of an advocate, they’re most inwards request of someone to assist stand upwards up for them, most inwards request of someone to back upwards them, as well as they often times autumn through the cracks inwards our systems. So we’ll meet many times, equally of course of study is a stereotype associated alongside homelessness as well as beingness psychotic, or having schizophrenia or hearing voices, as well as thus social workers alongside their knowledge, non exclusively of mental wellness handling as well as diagnosis, but at a broader to a greater extent than scheme storey are genuinely inwards a really good equipped seat to assist people alongside schizophrenia inwards a number of dissimilar ways: By providing straight treatment, yesteryear advocating for ameliorate treatment, yesteryear advocating for ameliorate social services, yesteryear helping these individuals when they’re beingness taken payoff of which happens really often, specially y'all know people alongside schizophrenia have a social, of course of study a disability payment, as well as often times people testament attempt to have got payoff of them to attempt to coerce them to give their disability payment to them or fork it over. Family members tin practice that on occasion, although often fourth dimension occupation solid unit of measurement members are nix but helpful when it turns into working alongside people alongside schizophrenia, they tin hold upwards 1 of your greatest allies as well as resources, non exclusively for the individual that experiences the illness but equally good for the social worker that’s genuinely trying to assist them.
Jonathan Singer: And nosotros did a podcast before alongside Carol Anderson who developed handling called Family Psychoeducation that genuinely brings the occupation solid unit of measurement together alongside the occupation solid unit of measurement fellow member alongside schizophrenia, for example, equally 1 of the treatments.
Shaun Eack: (laughs) The grandmother of schizophrenia – Carol. Dr. Anderson is an fantabulous handling researcher as well as schizophrenia researcher.
Jonathan Singer: What are the other treatments that are out at that spot for schizophrenia?
Shaun Eack: I hateful if nosotros just have got to dissever them broadly, y'all know because there’s a lot of them. They autumn into ii groups, 1 is a pharmacological approach, medicine, specially anti-psychotic medication, thus of which there’s lots of dissimilar kinds of course, as well as thus the other one, which is the 1 that social workers provide, non that they should non know anything most psychopharmacology, of course of study it’s really of import to know something most that, but the other type of handling is psychosocial treatment, which ranges from therapy to occupation solid unit of measurement psychoeducation, which is equally I am sure Carol explained variety of a misnomer, it’s didactics most the illness, it’s non sort of psychoeducation or whatever, there’s equally good sort of to a greater extent than systemic models similar sort of community treatment, which was a really interesting approach developed yesteryear a social worker, a psychosocial approach to assist people alongside schizophrenia alive exterior of the hospital. Particularly the people that had been inwards soil hospitals for many years, rather than making them rest inwards the hospital, it’s permit them alive inwards the community as well as sort of convey the infirmary to them, thus they called it infirmary without walls, which was a really effective approach, it’s been disseminated inwards a number of places now. There are several private therapeutic approaches, 1 that we’ve been working on hither at the University of Pittsburgh that focuses on improving cognitions inwards schizophrenia, as well as y'all know it’s 1 of the symptoms that nosotros didn’t genuinely utter most much, as well as it’s a symptom that genuinely most people don’t utter most much when they think of schizophrenia. I highlighted the ii biggies, the positive as well as the negative symptoms, but we’ve lately turned our attending to these cognitive symptoms, as well as I’ve been trying to prepare treatments for them for a number of reasons. Perhaps the most important, is fifty-fifty if nosotros completely trim down or take a persons positive symptoms, hallucinations as well as delusions, which anti-psychotic medications tin hold upwards really effective at doing, many individuals alongside schizophrenia soundless experience peachy disability, as well as which was I think to some storey puzzling to people some years ago, that genuinely variety of the hallmark of psychosis would hold upwards remitted, but these individuals would soundless have got difficulty getting a chore as well as maintaining friends, as well as sort of edifice the character of life that most of us would consider to hold upwards fifty-fifty minimally sufficient. Some people started looking at the diverse aspects of schizophrenia as well as discovered that the illness genuinely was characterized variety of yesteryear a substance deficit inwards thinking, inwards cognition, that genuinely variety of roughshod across ii dissimilar domains, as well as that genuinely helped us empathize why these individuals are continuing to have got difficulty as well as struggling inwards life, fifty-fifty afterwards positive symptoms have got gone away. And the ii dimension of cognitive problems that people alongside schizophrenia tend to experience are, 1 surface area is called neuro-cognition, which is variety of the surface area of knowledge that y'all think most when y'all think most thinking problems inwards general, problems alongside attention, problems alongside memory, problems alongside the quote unquote executive functions, which is genuinely beingness able to solve problems, as well as thus these are all variety of basic neuro-cognitive processes that people request to larn on alongside their everyday life, to think a telephone number, to pay attending to a conversation, thus on as well as thus forth. And thus it turns out that that’s a large occupation inwards schizophrenia, people alongside schizophrenia perform on average ii measure deviations below the hateful of salubrious individuals, correct thus that’s really poorly, as well as this has nix to practice alongside their intellect, it’s non to state that people alongside schizophrenia are non smart, many of them have got higher upwards average IQ’s, these have got to practice alongside basic cognitive processes that y'all request to larn on alongside your daily life, as well as that y'all request to position 1 pes inwards forepart of the other, as well as hold upwards able to brand sense of the globe as well as engage inwards complex problem-solving as well as data processing.
Jonathan Singer: So you’re suggesting that if somebody alongside schizophrenia is walking downwards the street as well as somebody says “Hey how are y'all doing?” as well as they have got a hard fourth dimension responding, it mightiness non hold upwards because they’re actively hallucinating or they have got paranoid delusions, or something else, you’re suggesting that at that spot is some cognitive deficits going on that are separate from these other cluster of symptoms that we’ve been talking most that mightiness preclude them from interacting or engaging alongside someone on the street?
Shaun Eack: Absolutely, thus that’s non to state that auditory hallucinations testament non locomote on y'all from engaging alongside people on the street, I hateful those are for sure large barriers, but when nosotros larn those taken tending of or largely nether control, you’ll soundless meet problems. And people alongside schizophrenia testament soundless tell you, “I’m soundless having problem sort of concentrating as well as focusing, as well as remembering what I’m supposed to practice everyday” as well as what not. So at that spot is a basic substance deficit inwards knowledge inwards schizophrenia, 1 is this domain of neuro-cognition, at that spot is some other domain that’s really lately locomote a major surface area of study inwards schizophrenia research, called social cognition, as well as these are the variety of things that y'all practice or think most to hold upwards able to deed wisely inwards social situations, they’re the variety of mental processes that you’ll engage inwards to hold upwards able to interact alongside others effectively, as well as procedure social information. For example, all of us has the powerfulness to recognize diverse social cues, most often inwards peoples faces to permit us know how they’re doing as well as how they’re responding to whatever we’re interacting alongside them as well as soundless we’re talking alongside them, as well as people alongside schizophrenia have got a profound deficit inwards beingness able to alternative upwards these variety of cues, which y'all tin exclusively imagine, I hateful await if y'all have got difficulty remembering as well as keeping rail of things inwards a conversation, as well as y'all can’t variety of tell how a individual is reacting to it because you’re having difficulty judging their facial expressions of emotion, thus that puts y'all at a peachy disadvantage for edifice relationships, for interacting effectively, as well as beingness able to deed wisely inwards social situations. So these have got locomote rigid predictors of how people alongside schizophrenia are going to do, as well as how people alongside schizophrenia are doing currently, as well as they’re fifty-fifty stronger than the positive symptoms of the disorder, right, thus those things are really important, as well as testament for sure confine your powerfulness to larn along alongside others as well as function. But afterwards it’s all said as well as done as well as y'all larn some expert medicine as well as y'all larn those taken tending of, these are some of the remainder symptoms that are left that nosotros request to focus on inwards lodge to assist these guys cook a expert character of life as well as eventually recover from the disease, thus that’s a squeamish long digression to what we’ve been upwards to hither inwards Pittsburgh, working on a therapy to improve knowledge inwards schizophrenia. It’s a psychosocial handling developed yesteryear a social worker yesteryear the cry of Jerry Hogarty, who has developed, he’s the Rex of psychosocial treatments inwards schizophrenia, has developed these treatments for many many years, his latest as well as variety of culmination of his piece of work is Cognitive Enhancement Therapy, which equally the cry suggests is a therapy designed to piece of work on improving or enhancing knowledge inwards schizophrenia.
Jonathan Singer: So at that spot are a pair of things, 1 this thought that cognitive symptoms are perhaps to a greater extent than of import than positive or negative symptoms, or maybe that’s overstating it.
Shaun Eack: I think that in all likelihood is a piddling bit, I don’t’ desire to pigment the flick that positive symptoms are non important. They are really important, the expert affair most them is their mostly responsive to treatment, which way straightaway that nosotros tin assist people alongside those, nosotros request to start working on the things that nosotros haven’t been able to assist them with.
Jonathan Singer: So because nosotros have got medications that tin address these positive symptoms, what you’re talking most is genuinely the adjacent footstep inwards the handling of schizophrenia and, thus if I were a social workers out there, as well as I said “Oh, ok, great, everything’s great, my client’s doing well, taking her medication, as well as she’s non hearing voices, the paranoia is nether control, everything is expert to go”, you’re suggesting “No”.
Shaun Eack: I would for sure struggle alongside that, I think the challenge for us equally social workers is to non halt at, oh they’re taking their meds, y'all know they haven’t gotten inwards problem lately, they’re non hearing voices, they don’t unopen the blinds all the fourth dimension because they think the CIA’s afterwards them, y'all know for many years that was similar doing peachy for people alongside schizophrenia, as well as the challenge for us is to get down to footstep beyond that because y'all know if all that nosotros are doing is helping these people have got their medicine, as well as helping these people experience a piddling less y'all know influenced yesteryear their delusions, I think we’re non doing enough. I think the people that nosotros serve would state “You know, I desire a piddling something to a greater extent than than stability, I desire a life.”
Jonathan Singer: So 1 of the ways to practice that, that sounds similar y'all guys have got been working on hither inwards Pittsburgh is this handling called Cognitive Enhancement Therapy as well as I think that would hold upwards a peachy podcast to follow upwards on. Thanks thus much for coming hither as well as talking most schizophrenia as well as genuinely sort of unpacking this idea, this disorder that equally y'all mentioned before, looks dissimilar inwards everybody.
Shaun Eack: It does.
-- End --
References as well as resources
@Health.com. (2008, Oct 15). Schizophrenia. http://www.athealth.com/Practitioner/Newsletter/FPN_12_10.html
Anderson, C. M., Reiss, D. J., & Hogarty, G. E. (1986). Schizophrenia as well as the family. New York: Guilford.
Hogarty, G. E. (2002). Personal Therapy for schizophrenia as well as related disorders: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 guide to individualized treatment. New York: Guilford.
Keshavan, M. S., Tandon, R., Boutros, N. N., & Nasrallah, H. A. (in press). Schizophrenia, "Just the facts": What nosotros know inwards 2008 Part 3: Neurobiology. Schizophrenia Research. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.020
Mueser, K. T., & McGurk, S. R. (2004). Schizophrenia. Lancet, 363(9426), 2063-2072.
National Institute of Mental Health. Schizophrenia. Available at:
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/complete-publication.shtml
Bethesda, MD: Author.
Tandon, R., Keshavan, M. S., & Nasrallah, H. A. (2008). Schizophrenia, "Just the Facts" What nosotros know inwards 2008 Part 1: Overview. Schizophria Research, 100(1-3), 4-19. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.01.022
Tandon, R., Keshavan, M. S., & Nasrallah, H. A. (2008). Schizophrenia, "Just the Facts": What nosotros know inwards 2008. 2. Epidemiology as well as etiology. Schizophrenia Research, 102(1-3), 1-18. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.011
Tunner, T. (n.d.). Schizophrenia - how social workers help. Help Starts Here. Retrieved on Apr 24, 2008 from http://www.helpstartshere.org/Default.aspx?PageID=520
APA (6th ed) citation for this podcast:
Singer, J. B. (Producer). (2008, Nov 17). #45 - Schizophrenia as well as social work: Interview alongside Shaun Eack, Ph.D. [Episode 45]. Social Work Podcast [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from /search?q=schizophrenia-and-social-work-interview
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